Fluid diverting housings and auxiliary devices

ABSTRACT

This invention relates particularly to water-borne craft constructed with a hull having cavities formed between the inner and outer surfaces of said hull. These cavities form fluid amplification means and passages leading to and away from said fluid amplification means. These passages may be defined as inlet, outlet and control passages which lead to apertures in said hull and through which said apertures, fluid is passed for the purpose of steering said craft.

United States Patent Wayfield [54] FLUID DIVERTING HOUSINGS AND AUXILIARY DEVICES [72] In t r; David John Wayfield, RD. 1, Box 6,

New Park, Pa. 17352 [22] Filed: Oct. 9, 1968 [21] Appl. No.: 766,102

[52] US. Cl. ..239/265.l9, 137/815 [51] Int. Cl ..B63h 11/10, B64c 15/00 [58] Field of Search ..2/2.I; 137/815; 239/265.19; 115/12, 70; 272/32 [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,726,962 9/1929 May ..1 15/12 3,024,465 3/1962 Bould ..2/2.1 3,137,464 6/1964 Horton ..137/81.5 X 3,143,856 8/1964 I-Iausmann ..137/81.5 X 3,158,166 1l/l964 Warren ..137/8l.5 3,161,192 12/1964 McCormack ..2/2.l X 3,177,888 4/1965 Moore ..137/81.5

[451 Sept. 19, 1972 3,198,431 8/1965 Gesell ..l37/81.5 X 3,206,928 9/1965 Moore ..l37/81.5 X 3,259,096 7/ 1966 Bowles ..137/81.5 X 3,487,806 1/1970 Chiu.....'. ..1 15/70 3,492,965 2/1970 Wayfield ..l 15/ 1 2 3,548,778 12/1970 Romanoff ..115/70 FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 1,193,385 5/1965 Germany. ..l15/12 Primary Examiner-Lloyd L. King [57] ABSTRACT This invention relates particularly to water-borne craft constructed with a hull having cavities formed between the inner and outer surfaces of said hull. These cavities form fluid amplification means and passages leading to and away from said fluid amplification means. These passages may be defined as inlet, outlet and control passages which lead to apertures in said hull and through which said apertures, fluid is passed for the purpose of steering said craft.

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DAV/D J. WAYF/IELD FLUID DIVERTING IIOUSINGS AND AUXILIARY DEVICES This invention relates particularly to housings shaped in the various forms of water-borne craft and containing integrally formed fluidic means and passages used in the maneuvering of said craft.

Fluidic devices now being used in the maneuvering of water-borne craft are cumbersome objects added to the craft after said craft has been manufactured whereas my fluidic devices and related conduits are integral with craft itself, usually being formed within the hull of said craft. Specially shaped cavities are incorporated into the hull (or housing or framework) and used as fluid amplifiers and conduits and openings for the transmission and switching of fluids. Moreover, these cavities serve the additional function of strengthening the housings in which they are located in the same way that the cavities in a corrugatedbox add to the strength of the box; the housing would be honeycombed with cavities but only certain of these cavities would be used for the transmission of fluid. Thus the great advantage of this invention is simplicity and economy.

It is the primary object of the present invention to disclose a fluid control system utilizing a fluid amplifier and forming an integral part of a housing to be-controlled.

It is a further object of the present invention to disclose a fluid control system within the framework of a craft and utilizing automatic fluid state amplification means for controlling said craft.

Another object is to provide a more efficient way of maneuvering a vehicle.

A further object of the present invention is to disclose various body-manipulating and/or signaling devices utilizing fluid state amplification means incorporated integrally with the framework of said devices.

Another object is to produce various forms of waterborne craft more economically.

These and other objects will become apparent when the drawings of the present application are considered in detail along with the present specification.

FIG. 1 shows an elevation of a towline-operated water-sled.

FIG. 2 shows a top view of said water-sled.

FIG. 3 shows a top view of the lower half of said water-sled. taken along the lines 33 of FIG. 1 and showing the fluid passages therein.

FIG. 4 is an end view of a water-sled taken along the line 44 of FIG. 2.

FIG. 5 is a top view of a water-sled having a ski or hydrofoil suspended beneath said water sled.

FIG. 6 is a side view of said water-sled with its ski or hydrofoil.

FIG. 7 is a top view of the lower part of said ski taken along the line 7-7 and showing its fluid passages.

FIG. 8 illustrates an alternative way of constructing the element shown by FIG. 7, namely by inserting a fluid amplifier within said ski or hydrofoil.

FIG. 9 shows a side view of a combination water ski and swimming instruction device.

FIG. 10 shows a top view of FIG. 9.

FIG. 11 shows a top view of the lower half of said device taken along the line ll-l1 showing the fluid passages.

FIG. 12 shows an end view of FIG. 11 taken along the line 12-12.

FIG. 13 shows a side view of a boat.

FIG. 14- shows a cut-away bottom view of said passages within the hull of said boat.

FIG. 15 is an end view of the same boat taken along the line l515 of FIG. 13.

FIG. 16 shows a top view of a fluid amplifier with an automatic device.

FIG. 17 shows a detailed view of the automatic device taken along the lines 17-17 of FIG. 16.

FIG. 18 shows a side view of a control port of a fluid amplifier with a mercury well.

FIG. 19 is the same view as in FIG. 18 except that the mercury blocks the control port from the area of fluid amplification.

FIG. 20 is another view of a control port open to atmosphere and having a mercury well.

FIG. 21 shows the same control port in FIG. 20 blocked by virtue of an increase in the temperature of the mercury.

FIG. 22 shows an adjustably controlled thermostatic port.

FIG. 23 shows a side view of another thermostat.

FIG. 24 shows a remotely controlled thermostat.

FIG. 25 shows a side view of a control port having means for automatically closing said port. FIG. 26 shows a side view of a control port with adjustable means for closing and opening said port. FIG. 27 shows a cross section of a fluid amplifier with automatic means for closing and opening its control ports.

In describing the preferred embodiments of the invention illustrated in the drawings, specific terminology will be resorted to for the sake of clarity. However, it is not intended to be limited to the specific terms so selected and it is understood that each specific term includes all technical equivalents which operate in a similar manner to accomplish a similar purpose.

Turning now to the specific embodiments of the invention selected for illustration in the drawings:

FIG. Ishows a water-sled 500 having essentially two layers 501 and 502. Towline 503 is shown at the bow. Filtered opening 503 permits water to pass through water sled 500. Flexible handle 504 is on the upper surface of 501.

FIG. 2 shows the top view of 500 with handles 504 and 505 each having respectively control ports or openings 506 and 507. Rubber mat 508 is secured to 501 between handles 504 and 505.

FIG. 3 shows the fluid passages of layer 502. Filtered opening 503 leads to power nozzle 509. Interaction region 510 is between control channels 511 and 512. Output passages 513 and 514 represent the two passages through which fluid may be switched and discharged as a jet through port 515. According to the fluid entering interaction region 510 from channels 511 and 512, the jet emerging through port 515 can be moved from one side of 515 to the other side for steering said water sled. The fluid used for steering is of course, water and the fluid used for control purposes is air and it enters channels 511 and 512 by way of control ports 507 and 506. The person using the sled blocks control ports 506 and 507 with his thumbs-to regulate the amount of air entering said control ports for directing the power jet from one side of outlet port 515 to the other. When both control ports are unblocked, the jet is discharged through the center of out let port 515 causing the sled to proceed. in a straight line. Y

FIG. 4 shows the rectangular port opening 515.

FIG. 5 shows water sled 525 having towline 526, handles 527 and 528 with control ports 529 and 530 on the upper surface of 531.

FIG. 6 shows water sled 525 with upper section 531 and ski section 532 attached to each other by solid rod 533 and fluid conduit tubes 534 and 535, the latter not being shown but which is in flow communication with control port 529, while tube 534 is in flow communication with control port 530.

FIG. 7 shows the lower layer of ski 532 having fluid amplification means formed therein. Filtered opening 536 leads to power nozzle 537 and interaction region 538 and output passages 539 and 540. Control channels 541 and 542 are in flow communication with interaction region 538 and respectively with tubes 534 and 535.

FIG. 8 shows an alternative way of constructing the element represented in FIG. 7. A separately constructed fluid amplifier 543 has attached thereto separate conduits 544, 545, 546, 547 and 548, all set in a plastic material 549, not shown.

FIGS. 9 and 10 show device 575 having control ports 576 and 577, filtered opening 578, towline loops 579 and 580, and hand grip means 581. Device 575 can be used for swimming instruction purposes or as a water ski.

FIG. 11 shows the bottom layer 591 of 575 which is similar in construction to layer 502 of FIG. 3 except that layer 581 has two outlet ports 582 and 583 by virtue of wedge section 584 which may or may not be removable. Also, threaded opening 585 permits the introduction of a threaded tube or hose, not shown, for forcing water under pressure into the power nozzle 586, through the interaction region 587 and out either or both output passages 588 and 589.

FIG. 12 is an end view of 591 taken along the line 1212 of FIG. 11 showing outlet ports 582 and 583 and wedge section 584.

FIG. 12 is an end view of 591 taken along the line 12--12 of FIG. 11 showing outlet ports 582 and 583 and wedge section 584.

FIGS. 13, 14, and 15 shows a boat 600 having filtered opening 601, control ports 602 and 603 and outletport 604. A cut-away view of the bottom of said boat is shown in FIG. 14 wherein control channel 606 is in flow communication with control port 602 by way of conduit 605. Power nozzle 608 is in flow communication with interaction region 609, output passages 610 and 61 1 which lead to outlet port 604.

The embodiment of this invention is essentially the same device as shown in FIGS. 1, 5 and 9. All are con-' structed in essentially the same way, with essentially the same fluid amplifiers and operate essentially the same way for essentially the same purpose. All these embodiments may be constructed so as to have their own self-contained power units for moving independently, i.e. without being towed.

A towline ball and socket like the one shown in U.S. Pat. 3,216,031 may be used as well as currently used devices. The handles 527 and 528 may be rotatable and telescopic; others may be flexible.

FIGS. 1 to 15 represent improvements of my previous inventions now on file in the U.S. Pat. Office, namely:

a. U.S. Pat. 3,085,356 Swimming Instruction Devices b. Ser. No. 743,683 Swimming Instruction Apparatus No. 3,140,550

c. Ser. No. 743,796 Swimming Instruction Device RE 26,148

(1. Ser. No. 742,600 Swimming Instruction Garment 3,140,549

e. Ser. No. 116,371 Propulsion System and Related Devices 3,492,965

FIGS. 16 to 24 serve to indicate new methods by which the ports of a fluid amplifier may be automatically closed to cause switching of the power stream of said amplifier in response to such variables as gravity, temperature, acceleration, etc.

Considering the system of FIG. 16 and the details in FIG. 17, there is disclosed generally at 139 a fluid amplifier means 141 and a condition responsive means 154 above the fluid means 141. The fluid amplifier means 141 is of the type disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,001,698 and includes inlet means 143 and outlet means 144. Outlet means 144, in this particular case, includes two outlets, 145 and 146. The fluid amplifier means 141 is connected by the inlet means 143 to a source of fluid. The inlet means 143 is directed to the throat 148 of the fluid amplifier 141 which opens into the outlet means 144. The outlet means 144 has a splitter 149 and the fluid flowing through the inlet means 143 is directed either into outlet 145 or outlet 146 on one side or the other of splitter 149. The direction that the fluid takes is dependent on a pressure differential that occurs between pressure chamber 150 and pressure chamber 151. The pressure chambers each have connecting jets or inlets for the introduction of the pressure differential fluid. The structure described so far could be a cast block of material which could be metal, plastic or any other suitable material. This block must be sealed in a fluid tight manner at all joints and covered to complete the sealing of the unit in a fluid tight fashion.

FIG. 17 is a cross section of FIG. 16 taken along the lines 17-17, showing fluid amplifier 141 and condition responsive section 154 in which rolling ball member 155 blocks port 156, in response to accelerating force 160, causing the fluid under pressure to switch to the left of splitter 149 and into outlet 145. Fluid amplifier system 140 is desirable when both ports 156 and 157 are at the bow of a ship or boat, enabling condition responsive means 154 to serve as an automatic pilot in rough water. Condition responsive means 154 may be built into the craft or be attached later when desired, but with fluid tight connections maintained around ports 156 and 157. It should also be noted that the interior of condition responsive means 154 is at all times open to atmosphere at holes 158 and 159.

FIGS. 18 and 19 show a port of a fluid amplifier which is open to atmosphere and has a pool of mercury 181 in mercury chamber 182. In response to tilting or acceleration, mercury 181 blocks conduit 183 leading to pressure chamber 184 closing the latter to atmosphere, causing a switching of the power stream in the fluid amplifier (not shown). This type of automatic control is adaptable to a craft such as shown in FIG. 13 where the ports are remote from each other and only two layers of material are used to form the craft. It will be readily seen that this type of automatic pilot is adaptable to craft 525 when outlet nozzles539 and 540 open respectively on the port and starboard sides and emit their stabilizing jets in a downward direction, approximately 45 degrees from vertical. It will also be obvious that when automatic pilot means shown in FIG. 18 and FIG. 19 is incorporated in craft 600, port 180 will correspond to what is now shown as control port 603; the mercury chamber 182 will be directly below said port and conduit 183 will proceed upwardly along the side of the craft and then bend gradually 180 degrees and proceed downwardly to the bottom of the craft, communicating with the main part of the fluid amplifier.

The fluid diverting structures of this invention are not concerned exclusively with movable structures but also include stationary structures such as radiators which will be discussed in more detail subsequently. These radiators and related structures will have fluid amplifiers which switch automatically in response to changes in temperature. One such fluid amplifier has a port 200 as shown in FIGS. 20 and 21 with a mercury chamber 201 and with mercury 202, and situated adjacent to integral heating fluid conduit 203 which when transmitting fluid of a certain heat will cause mercury to expand so as to block port 200. Such an arrangement is suitable where it is always desirable to have switching of the power stream in a fluid amplifier always at a definite temperature. But should it be desirable to have an adjustable thermostat, we may vary the level of the mercury in the mercury chamber. This can be done by adding or removing mercury or even better by introducing a graduated screw 220 into the mercury chamber 221 as shown in FIG. 22. Thus when screw 220 is inserted into mercury chamber 221 to a point where it is possible to read, say 70 degrees, on the screw 220 at point 222, mercury 223 will expand suffciently at this temperature to block port 224.

In FIG. 23, we see a device 240 which may be attached to the wall of a fluid diverting housing in a manner to engage the control ports of a fluid amplifier built into said housing. Device 240 consists of a thermometer 241 which pivots on fulcrum 242 by way of clip 243 in response to changes of temperature, velocity, angular acceleration, gravity, etc. When temperature is to be the only variable, and mercury 244 expands and contracts, thermometer 241 will pivot so that valve member 245 and valve member 246 attached to said thermometer will engage ports 247 and 248 so as to cause the switching of a power stream to the left or right of splitter 249 of fluid amplifier 250. Weight 251 is movable along thermometer 241 rendering device 240 an adjustable thermostat. Of course, without weight 251, we could also move the thermometer to the left or right, sliding it through clip 243 and moving valve members 245 and 246 accordingly to accomplish the same purpose. It will be seen that when a modified version of device 240 is used in a vertical 1 plane, control ports of a fluid amplifier can be opened and closed by pendulum action. This will be desirable in certain types of craft having fluid amplifiers between their inner and outer layers and their control ports opening inwardly and several inches below the top sides of the port and starboard sides of the craft. In such a craft, it will be seen that valve members in the form of pendulums can be suspended from above said control ports and block same in response to tilting of the craft, causing part of a fluid being used to propel the craft, to be diverted to correct the tilt of said craft.

FIG. 24 shows a control port 259 of a fluid amplifier. In some of our fluid diverting systems, we are concerned not only with diverting a particular power stream in the system but also we will need to vary the temperature and/or velocity of the fluid flowing throughout the system. This can be accomplished by having a modular thermoelectric system 260 where electrodes 261, 262, 263, 264 and 265 are progressively placed near the top of insulated mercury chamber 266 and another electrode 267 is placed at the bottom of insulated mercury chamber 266 and having connections to a remote control center 268. It will be seen that control center 268 has a dial switch 269 which is positioned to permit an electric current to pass through this electric control system when the mercury 270 has been heated sufficiently to cause it to rise in mercury chamber 266 and contact electrode 265 thus completing an electric circuit through mercury 270. It will be seen that the mercury serves here as an on-off switch, but the multiple electrodes shown in mercury chamber 266 are adaptable to potentiometric control of motors and valves by control center 268. This module may also contain a coil as a heater for remote control switching of a fluid amplifier. Of course other means for closing control ports may include the method shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,091,393 as well as solenoid valves, or the type of thermostatic valve used in automobile cooling systems.

FIGS. 25 to 27 show cut-away views of automatic devices for blocking control ports of fluid amplifiers with special care taken in the drawings to show how these devices are easily incorporated into two-layer fluid diverting structures. In FIG. 25, a device 320 has a spherical valve member 321 floating in mercury 322 of mercury chamber 323. When the temperature of mercury 322 rises, the mercury level in mercury chamber 323 also rises causing valve member 321 to block control port 324 of a fluid amplifier, causing switching of a power stream. Pin 325 is inserted in upper layer 326 of this fluid diverting structure in a fluidtight manner and when depressed will engage valve member 321 and prevent control port 324 from being blocked. The parting line between the upper and lower layers of this fluid diverting structure is at 327.

FIG. 26 shows a cut-away view of automatic device 360 which permits control port 361 to remain open at intermediate temperatures of mercury 362 in mercury chamber 372 while closing at high and low temperature. Valve members 363 and 364 and float 365 are attached to rod 367 so that at a high temperature, valve member 364 will block control port 361 and at a low temperature, valve member 363 will block control 361. If it is desired to adjust this device after its installation in a fluid diverting structure, it will be considered desirable to have screw threads throughout rod 367 with rectangular float 365 and spherical valve member 363 movable along said rod, while spherical valve member 364 would be permanently attached to said rod 367. Thus by turning knob 368, we may move valve member 364 closer or farther from float 365; then holding knob 368 stationary, we can rotate valve member 363 around rod 367 in a direction of rotation which will bring it closer to float 365 or in an opposite direction which will place it farther from float 365. Upper layer 369 joins lower layer 370 at parting line 371. Naturally, mercury well 372 in this particular modification is rectangular in shape to prevent valve member 365 from rotating when the device is being adjusted.

Although some of these mercury devices have been shown to respond only to changes in temperature, it must be noted that with slight modifications, they may be used to respond to acceleration, gravity, tilting, etc. For example the automatic device illustrated in FIGS. 18 and 19 may be incorporated into, say, the automatic device illustrated by FIGS. 25 so that valve members 321, 363, 364 & 365 may block their respective control ports in response to acceleration, etc.

it is understood that the automatic devices shown might utilize various control fluids other than mercury. Even an expanding gas in a plastic envelope could be used.

In FIG. 27 there is an automatic device 380 for blocking the control ports of a fluid amplifier by spherical valve members 381 and 382 in response to tilting, acceleration, etc. The circular control ports of this particular fluid amplifier include outer control ports 383 and 384 and inner control ports 385 and 386. Both valve members can be rendered operable or inoperable depending on the positions of insertable pins 387, 388, 389 and 390. As shown, the fluid diverting structure containing device 380, has tilted downwardly to the left causing valve member 381 to block outer control port 383, causing the power stream to be completely diverted to the left of splitter 391 into outlet 392 with no fluid passing through outlet 393. In fact, with pins 387-390 positioned as shown, a tilt now in the opposite direction will cause valve member 381 to roll away from outer control port 383, and momentarily cause the power stream to divide equally on each side of splitter 391, and then valve member 381 continues to roll until it blocks inner control port 385 causing the power stream to once again be concentrated through outlet 392. The parting line for this two-layer device is represented by dotted line 394. Thus it is apparent that we have here an automatic device of great versatility and simplicity.

The drawings shown are intended merely to illustrate the principles involved. The actual fluid circuits, say, of a boat would depend on the design of the boat, its water displacement, its power means, its center of gravity and many other factors. In some boats we would use multiple fluid amplifiers, cascaded amplifiers, multiple layers and outlet jets aimed upwards, or downwards, or angled, or on each side of and at right angles to a keel for stabilizing purposes. in some boats we would use some of the conventional equipment now in use in jetoperated boats but we would pump water under pressure between layers of the hull of the boat, through fluid amplifiers formed between said layers, and expel the water as jets through desired outlets.

The boat 600 represents a two-layer hull although similar versions of this illustration may use three layers to accomplish the same ends but facilitate manufacturing. The third layer would be a filler" and would fill that space that is represented as shaded in boat 600. This filler would then be bonded or welded to the inner and outer layers of said hull.

Multiple-layer structures would be able to have cutaway holes at selected areas of some of the internal layers permitting fluid to pass, say, from between the first and second layers to conduits, say, between the fourth and fifth layers. This will enable the designers of various structures to have fluid streams pass over each other and proceed in any desired direction.

Some manufacturing techniques would provide for the placing of fluid amplifiers and related conduits within the mold for a hull or housing. These would be made of, say, material A. A molding compound made of material B would then be poured into the mold. Later material A could if desired, be dissolved chemically.

in FlG. 13 filter area 601 consists of many inlets or holes designed and angled to minimize clogging by sand, seaweed, etc. These holes are formed in the outer layer of the hull so that their internal diameters are greater than their external diameters. Thus any particles that pass through this filter area 601 will be discharged through outlet 604. Other structures will have trap doors for collecting foreign matter; some will depend on conventional solvents for cleaning the fluid circuits.

In FIG. 6, tubes 534 and 535 (not shown) are attached to hydrofoil 532 on each side of the power stream 537 shown in FIG. 7 and rod 533 is attached through the splitter of the fluid amplifier. In some versions of this embodiment, rods and tubes may be used for the additional function of elevators for very fast turns. Other versions will utilize multiple-layer hydrofoils capable of switching a power stream from a rearward to a sideward and/or downward direction for turning. The hydrofoil may also be delta-shaped. Naturally, similar structures may include gliders and various aerospace craft with gas or air being the controlling fluid.

in larger boats having sleeping cabins or house boats, parts of the hull or framework will contain water conduits and other parts will contain conduits and fluid amplifiers for air conduits for ventilating rooms. We may ventilate automobiles, trains and buses in this same way; air may be forced through the structure or framework of a vehicle by a fan or by the speed of a moving vehicle causing air to enter said framework through an external inlet. There may be many inlets leading to separate fluid amplifiers with its control ports, say, just above each window. These control ports then would have push-button type plugs for closing or opening said ports for switching the fluid amplifier. When one button is pushed, a stream of air (cooled or heated) escapes from one outlet and is deflected off the inside of the window, keeping the window free of condensation; when the other button is pushed, the air is switched to another outlet by fluid state amplification to, say, the opposite side of the window or to a waste" outlet at another part of the vehicle. This can be constructed according to the principles set forth in the present invention.

The present invention is intended also to be an improvement of U.S. Pat. No. 2,330,674 by Briggs, Mechanism for Improving the Dirigibility of Ships, Submarines, and Aircraft." My present invention makes practical Briggs invention. instead of having numerous pipes and mechanical valves scattered throughout a craft, these pipes will take the form of conduits and fluid amplifiers integrally formed within the framework of said craft. Similarly, the present invention is an improvement of my previous U.S. Pat. No. 3492965 entitled Propulsion System and Related Devices, also U.S. Pat. No. 3,140550 entitled Swimming Instruction Apparatus," as well as my previously cited patents.

It will be evident that the principles in these various embodiements are adaptable for constructing two-layer water skis, aqua-sleds, etc. The water skier will steer his ski by blocking one of the control ports with this toe, heel, etc.

The operation of the auxiliary devices of the present invention as set forth in FIGS. 16-27 will of course depend on which of the fluid structures they will control. These devices make my invention much more practical in that they provide for automatic process control with a minimum of moving parts, some with'only one moving part and others as in FIGS. 18-21, having no moving parts. In the latter, the mercury is to be considered a fluid. This mercury may have a thin film of expandable material covering it when used in fluid structures that might cause the mercury to be spilled through the control ports.

My automatic mercury fluid amplifiers can be artificially heated by electricity to operate said amplifiers remotely. But we need not limit ourselves to using conventional wires for transmitting electricity. When using mercury fluid amplifiers made of glass, for example, we coat the glass with a special metallic oxide coating (developed by the Corning Glass Works) making it a conductor of electricity, which produces heat, thus reversing the classic role of glass as an insulator. The heat causes the mercury to expand, blocking one of the ports.

Sometimes it will be desirable to have one mercury pool serve two control ports of a fluid amplifier such as 139 of FIG. 16. In such a case a third layer in the fluid diverting structure will be necessary to permit the mercury to flow in a conduit underneath the fluid amplifier. This would be desirable in a multiple-laminated boat with the control ports near each other, say, at the bow of said boat.

The advantages of this present invention can be better appreciated in the light of Fullers above-mentioned patent as well as U.S. Pat. No. 3,076,473, Program Control Devices For Fluid Apparatus by W.G. Wadey and U.S. Pat. No. 3,091.393, Fluid Amplifier Mixing Control System by I-I.T. Sparrow.

Sparrows patent is concerned with a plumbing system which uses fluid amplifiers to save pipes, etc. With my present invention we can build a-comparable system within a laminated wall and not have to be concerned with saving conduits because the more conduits we have (which serve also as corrugations), the stronger the wall in respect to the amount of material used to construct said wall. In fact, by using a multiplicity of conduits and fluid amplifiers (with indicia on the external layers to indicate their locations), great latitude is given to the architect in his final designs by enabling him to have holes drilled in many different places of the fluid diverting structure for the purposes of fluid inlets, outlets, control ports, etc.

The advantages of this present invention must be viewed in respect to the many advantages of fluid amplifiers. Since the principles involved in the fluid amplifiers are readily adaptable to both digital and analog techniques, computers have been developed wherein the computing functions .are carried out by logicircuits which operate on fluid principles. Hence my fluid diverting structures or housings having some fluid circuits for muscle and some for brain functions; feedback circuits permit the brain" to control muscle. We thus are concerned with the"process control of any type of housing constructed. according to this invention. The process that we are concerned with in respect to ships may be keeping the ship on an even keel in rough water.

Although various types of actuators are available for opening and closing control ports, Wadeys above patent provides one solution for quickly controlling and varying the internal operations of a programmed fluid diverting housing.

Du Pont engineers have developed a practical vortex tube for air conditioning a suit of protective clothing which can be even more practical when incorporated into a fluid diverting structure built on the principles set forth in this present invention. (Seepage 7 of Product Engineering, Dec. 23, 1963) Vortex tubes can also be used in filtering foreign matter from thefluid system in the way vortex tubesfilter paper pulp at present.

This invention is not limited to the use of any particular fluid diverting means but will make use of many different kinds including fluid amplifiers currently providing amplification of 200 1.

To appreciate the advantages of this invention, one might contemplate how difficult it would be to incorporate various conventional valves into the bulls of conventional boats. On the other hand, it will be found very natural for the incorporation of fluid amplifiers into the housings herein proposed and particularly from a manufacturing standpoint.

It is to be understood that the forms of the invention herewith shown and described are to be taken as preferred embodiements. Various changes may be made in the shape, size and arrangement of conduits,

fluid amplifiers, controlling devices, etc. For example,

equivalent elements may be substituted for those illustrated and described herein, parts may be reversed, and certain features of the invention may be utilized independently of the use of other features, all without departing from the spirit or scope ,of the invention as defined in the subjoined claims.

It is to be understood that the term housing" as used I in the subjoined claims includes such equivalents, for

the purposes of this invention, as various vehicles or craft, hydrofoils, water skiing devices, and the like. It also includes those equivalents as set forth by definitions of the word housing such as this one by the Century Dictionary: a putting or receiving into a house or under shelter; sometimes a single house; hence something serving as a. shelter, covering or the like; in mach., a frame, plate or the like.

Iclaim:

l. A water-bomed craft having ahull, saidhull having at least one water-input opening in the bow and a water-output opening in the stern, a pure fluid amplifier having a power nozzle, atleast one control nozzle, and two output passages positioned-to receive water issued by said power nozzle, said =power nozzle in flow communication with said water-input opening, said output passages in flow communication 1 with said water-output opening.

2. The combination according to claim 1 wherein said output opening is a rectangle having its major dimension considerably larger than its minor dimension and lying parallel to the horizontal of the craft.

3. The combination according to claim 1 including means for inducting water through said water-input opening, through said power nozzle, through said output passages and through said water-output opening.

4. The combination according to claim 1 wherein said hull is constructed of at least two layers of material formed and joined together so as to create all fluid passages.

5. A craft comprising two layers of material, said layers of material joined together to form fluid passages including a pure fluid amplifier, a filtered inlet opening and an outlet opening, said fluid amplifier having two output passages, an interaction region, a power nozzle for issuing fluid through said interaction region toward said output passages and two control passages disposed on opposite sides of said power nozzle.

6. A combination according to claim 5 including means for inducting fluid through said power nozzle and related passages.

7. A combination according to claim 5 including automatic means for regulating the fluid passing through said control passages.

8. A combination according to claim 5 wherein said fluid amplifier has only one control passage.

9. A water-borne craft comprising a ski fixed beneath said craft, said ski comprising water inlet means, water outlet means and fluid amplification means in flow communication with said inlet means. said fluid amplication means having fluid control means extending into said craft.

10. The combination according to claim 9 further comprising means for inducting fluid through said water inlet means, fluid amplification means and water outlet means.

11. The combination according to claim 9 further comprising means for towing said craft.

12. An elongated aquatic device designed to receive a persons body, said device having fluidic means within said device, fluid inlet means and outlet means in flow communication with said fluidie means, said device having one or more control ports on its upper surface in flow communication with said fluidic means.

13. The combination according to claim 12 including means for inducting fluid through said fluidic means and related passages.

14. The combination according to claim 12 including means for towing said device.

15. A craft comprising a body, said body having cavities formed therein for containing a moving fluid used to steer said craft, some of said cavities used for fluid diverting means, other of said cavities forming inlet, outlet and control passages in flow communication with said fluid diverting means, means for moving said fluid through said fluid diverting means, said passages leading to apertures in said body of said craft, said apertures used for passing said fluid.

16. A craft as described in claim 15 wherein at least one of said apertures is a rectangle having its major dimension considerably larger than its minor dimension, said major dimension lying parallel to the horizontal of said craft. 

1. A water-borned craft having a hull, said hull having at least one water-input opening in the bow and a water-output opening in the stern, a pure fluid amplifier having a power nozzle, at least one control nozzle, and two output passages positioned to receive water issued by said power nozzle, said power nozzle in flow communication with said water-input opening, said output passages in flow communication with said water-output opening.
 2. The combination according to claim 1 wherein said output opening is a rectangle having its major dimension considerably larger than its minor dimension and lying parallel to the horizontal of the craft.
 3. The combination according to claim 1 including means for inducting water through said water-input opening, through said power nozzle, through said output passages and through said water-output opening.
 4. The combination according to claim 1 wherein said hull is constructed of at least two layers of material formed and joined together so as to create all fluid passages.
 5. A craft comprising two layers of material, said layers of material joined together to form fluid passages including a pure fluid amplifier, a filtered inlet opening and an outlet opening, said fluid amplifier having two output passages, an interaction region, a power nozzle for issuing fluid through said interaction region toward said output passages and two control passages disposed on opposite sides of said power nozzle.
 6. A combination according to claim 5 including means for inducting fluid through said power nozzle and related passAges.
 7. A combination according to claim 5 including automatic means for regulating the fluid passing through said control passages.
 8. A combination according to claim 5 wherein said fluid amplifier has only one control passage.
 9. A water-borne craft comprising a ski fixed beneath said craft, said ski comprising water inlet means, water outlet means and fluid amplification means in flow communication with said inlet means, said fluid amplication means having fluid control means extending into said craft.
 10. The combination according to claim 9 further comprising means for inducting fluid through said water inlet means, fluid amplification means and water outlet means.
 11. The combination according to claim 9 further comprising means for towing said craft.
 12. An elongated aquatic device designed to receive a person''s body, said device having fluidic means within said device, fluid inlet means and outlet means in flow communication with said fluidic means, said device having one or more control ports on its upper surface in flow communication with said fluidic means.
 13. The combination according to claim 12 including means for inducting fluid through said fluidic means and related passages.
 14. The combination according to claim 12 including means for towing said device.
 15. A craft comprising a body, said body having cavities formed therein for containing a moving fluid used to steer said craft, some of said cavities used for fluid diverting means, other of said cavities forming inlet, outlet and control passages in flow communication with said fluid diverting means, means for moving said fluid through said fluid diverting means, said passages leading to apertures in said body of said craft, said apertures used for passing said fluid.
 16. A craft as described in claim 15 wherein at least one of said apertures is a rectangle having its major dimension considerably larger than its minor dimension, said major dimension lying parallel to the horizontal of said craft. 